Experiment: Ground Antennas

Experiment: Ground Antennas
By Gerry Vassilatos & Michael Theroux


THE EXPERIMENTS WHICH WILL HERE BE DESCRIBED ARE NOT IN THEMSELVES
DANGEROUS. THERE IS DANGER FOR THOSE WHO DO NOT TAKE ORDINARY
PRECAUTIONS WHEN USING AC POWERED RADIOS.

ANY WORK PERFORMED ON SUCH RADIOS DEMANDS DISCONNECTION FROM THE
MAINS DURING ALL PREPARATORY PHASES OF THESE EXPERIMENTS. NEVER
CONNECT WIRES TO ANY RADIO WHICH HAS BEEN LEFT OPERATING. HAZARDOUS
SHOCK CAN RESULT. DO NOT UNDER ANY CIRCUMSTANCES PERFORM THESE
EXPERIMENTS DURING A STORM! GROUND ANTENNAS ARE DIRECT CONNECTIONS TO
EARTH. WE SUGGEST YOU TAKE PRECAUTION BY OBTAINING AN INEXPENSIVE
LIGHTNING ARRESTER FROM LOCAL RADIO MARKETS.
THE historical essay on Ground Antennas is only a preliminary
bibliography, a foundation upon which to place our empirical
confidence. It is through the agency of just such articles and
patents that an archane world model finds its most complete
explanation. The inherent wonder of signals detected by ground-
connected shortwave receivers is their ability to receive signals
with greater strength and clarity than conventional aerials, and to
reveal the bioactivity of subterranean propagation. Beyond their use
as audio "capture systems", such shortwave receivers display other
more intriguing characteristics which lead our attentions up toward a
technology of the sublime. With the shortwave receiver as a radionic
tuning instrument, an interface which captures and converts geomantic
dynamics into audio signals, we have made several astounding
observations.


Recall that when shortwave radio receivers were employed as peculiar
detectors of geomantic energy, additional unexpected phenomena began
to flood the relevant literature. Close inspection reveals that
both "ground radio" and "ground antennas" are the components of
Radionic phenomena, and are completely dependent on Radionic
principles for their astounding and otherwise anomalous performance.
Explorations of the interactions between radiosignals and geomantic
energies require very simple equipment. Geomantic energy is
biodynamic, and actively modifies and augments radiosignal carriers.
This presentation will focus primarily on the more qualitative
aspects obtained through the use of ground-buried aerial designs,
although it will certainly follow that stringent quantitative
measurements will be both secured and reported.

This basic preliminary experiment with the simplest ground aerial
teaches the biological growth characteristic of signals received
through the ground. Indeed, the implementation of a simple ground
pipe in place of an aerial, also converts the shortwave receiver into
a diagnostic tool. We may, by merely sweeping the receiver dial,
probe and "view" the biodynamic conditions prevalent in the ground.
Despite the great variety of ground aerial designs, we observe a
consistent signature of the ground densified biodynamic energies.



EXPERIMENT WITH A COPPER GROUND PIPE (G. Vassilatos)

Please observe the precautionary notes placed at the beginning of
this article! When you have, try a simple experiment for yourself.
Obtain a short (2 feet) section of copper pipe from any hardware
store. Make a small cut into the top of this with a hacksaw. The cut
is made so that you may twist into it a secure wire lead. Although
the placement of the pipe is most important for many radionic
experiments, you will not be required to select the most potent spot.
While there are those whose qualitative sensitivities permit such a
direct location of highly "active" ground locations, there are more
quantitative methods to assist in this necessary survey. If you wish
to conduct your experiments outdoors, you will need appropriate
portable radios and the like. In this case, you will more readily
discover the phenomena which we will mention. Plants are great
indicators for determining the right placement of ground antennas and
earth batteries — as they are also great indicators of subsurface
mineral content.

If you wish to establish the very best point, find a place where dark
green vegetation thrives. Empirical explorations will serve you best.
While desertified plots of earth generally reveal the absence of
easily accessible ground currents, you will discover an amazing
phenomenon in such a location. Wait until the ground is soft. I
usually wait until after a good rainfall before driving my
experimental antennas down, having selected a very verdant garden
strip just below my office window. You will need an available window,
if you wish to maintain the arrangement with the radio indoors. Wire
will be run from your receiver to the ground antenna, so it is
imperative that your window coincide with the ground point which you
have selected.

Wear gloves when performing this portion of the experiment. Using a
small sledge, carefully drive in a 2 foot long copper pipe. The pipe
you choose can be much longer according to your local needs. I left a
4 inch section above ground for the hookup. Obtain a sufficient
length of coaxial cable (RG 58 works fine) to establish a lead
between the pipe and your radio receiver. If long enough, an old
straight electric guitar cable will do. I clipped off both phono
plugs and used the center conductor for my experiments. Neatly trim
away the outer shielding with rubber tape. First connect the center
lead directly to the "aerial" terminal of your receiver. If your
receiver has only an external antenna, connect the ground lead
directly to this antenna. Now carefully drop this wire from your
window to the ground antenna. Close the window to hold the line, and
go outside to establish your connection.



OBSERVATION 1

The line will instantly be flooded with ground currents, very high
potentials which will not cause "shock", but which may over-excite
your system. Take care not to handle these lines for too long a time
without rubber gloves. The line from ground may appear "dead" to all
appearance, but it is a source of powerful vitalistic effects which
can cause fatigue and other congestive sensations. Once attached to
your receiver, leave the wire alone. The ground currents may be
applied to any kind of receiver. I successfully received television
signals with a ground antenna, obtaining surprisingly clarified
signals on most of the shorter wave channels (7 through UHF) without
any other aerial. Ground antennas are very useful for those who live
in mountain-bound locations, where television reception is distorted
or even absent.

I first connected the lead wire from ground to a small shortwave
receiver, a Hammerlund 38-S, which was acquired at an amateur radio
sale. The simple ground pipe brought in a surprising wealth of very
strong signals. When you first hear these signals for yourself, you
must take time to realize that the original radio theory "prohibited"
all such possibility. Straight connection to ground was theoretically
considered an impossibility, being the "neutralization" of signals
received through the aerial wave route. It was precisely because of
these observations that the original theoretical model, which spoke
only of "radio skywaves", was first modified to accommodate the
obvious ground wave activity. Once dogmatically fixed, radio theory
required continual "a posteriori" modifications: modifications from
the empirical world. Now you will begin to observe and appreciate
numerous empirical effects which are yet considered "impossible".
With your small system, you will literally peer into the subterranean
world, where bioactivities are in persistent dynamic exchange.



OBSERVATION 2

The first such effect has to do with the "response" characteristics
of ground currents. Tune to one of your stronger stations. While
listening, momentarily disconnect the ground wire. Notice the sudden
drop in volume and signal integrity. How long did this volume
diminution occur? Now reconnect the lead, while paying close
attention to the sound quality over time. How long did the signal
require in order to reach its original volume? I have repeatedly
observed that the disconnection volume drop is rather instantaneous.
But the reconnection volume requires a much longer time, some 40
seconds in certain cases. The slow restoration effect sometimes
occurs in a discontinuous fashion, first rising slowly (20 seconds),
and then very suddenly (3 seconds). The volume increase in this
manner can be both unexpected and surprising, often reaching volume
levels which actually exceed their original states.

You will find that every local change in proximity to the circuitry
of your simple system will provoke the "restoration response".
Signals seem to lag each change which has been applied to the system.
The adjustment of the ground antenna will provoke the response, a
slow rise in volume occurring perhaps in 35 seconds after an
adjustment has been made. As with the response of living things, the
ground receiving receiver behaves as a quasi-biological entity; a
poignant and astonishing glimpse of Biodynamic behavior. Bio-
organisms do not behave in the manner of digital switches. But once
signals have been impacted by any electrical expression, ground
received signals will execute an exaggerated restoration. This
exaggerated response will be observed with every local electrical
disturbance. The mere activation of an appliance or lamp will evoke
the rapid diminution of any signal. But the restoration phase can
gradually increase in volume until it overwhelms the listener,
reaching excessive volumes. This response is more than "withdrawal
and restoration". Its effects can persist long after the impact has
occurred. Proper placement of the ground antenna absolutely
determines this magnification effect, an observation made throughout
the last Century.

Provided the ground "antenna" has been accurately placed in
an "active spot", the effect most notably occurs with any
electrostatic discharge. The first response is for the signal
to "shrink", or "withdraw". The ground signal gradually reemerges in
strength, but continues expanding beyond its normal volume, "flaring"
into distorted brilliance before settling down to its normal volume.
This amplification effect is not to be confused with the commonly
observed shortwave "fading" effect, and is the direct result of
disturbances which have occurred in proximity to the system. These
brilliant audio "flares" can persist for upwards of ten seconds after
the disturbance has passed, followed by a very gradual decrease in
volume to the original signal strength. The flaring response was
artificially arranged and used in a great number of post-Victorian
devices.

This biodynamic response was used to magnify vital energies, and was
evoked by Turn of the Century systems through the use of pulsed
electrical disturbances. The highly intensified quasi-electrical
potentials, subsequently obtained, were used to cure illness and
light lamps. In other appropriate instruments, such resultant
currents were used to fulfill a variety of other experimental
functions. With the requisite proper location of the ground terminal,
the effect was deliberately applied to the ground currents themselves
(Tesla) and to human patients (Abrams). While the results were often
spectacular to the senses, the latent effects were seldom addressed.

We concur with those select Radionists, who condemned the
electrostimulation of ground and vital currents as an inferior
methodology. Such methods may provide intriguing solutions to the
need for electrical power, but as that is a degenerate technology in
its own right, we have sought other means by which to fulfill the
utilitarian needs of humanity. The electrostimulation methods provoke
natural rage on an unappreciated scale, with effects not recognized
by all but the most astute observers. It is a means of which we also
highly disapprove. There are indeed better and more naturally
acceptable means by which to evoke the growth and magnification
response in ground currents. One may romance the favors of Nature
without the methods which deliberately enrage her furious wrath.



OBSERVATION 3

There are other effects one notices, especially when tuning faint
stations with ground antennas. It seems that tuned stations actually
become stronger in the act of being heard, a bizarre effect requiring
fine order readjustments. Indeed, continued reception of faint
stations evidence definite auto-magnification effects. Obtained only
through the use of analogue (variable capacity) tuning systems, the
tuning process seemingly magnifies the strength of any faintly
received signal. One may thus begin with a signal "granule", and end
with a booming volume. Such entuned signal growth only occurs with
continued attentive reception, a remarkable phenomenon in which
receivers literally draw and automagnify signals on demand of the
listening site. This strange connective "supply-response" function
does not occur without human agency however. In absence of the
human "recipient", no such amplification occurs, a curiosity which
will find numerous skeptics and critics. But try the experiment for
yourself.

Tune a weak station and leave the room. The signal fades away. Walk
in again and quickly tune the signal. Walk away once more. The signal
fades. Once more, tune the signal and walk back from the receiver.
With very minor waverings, the signal strength will remain
unchanged...until you walk directly before the receiver. Stay this
time. Tune the signal and wait. You will literally hear the signal
gradually rising in volume. The faint signal will gradually, almost
perceptibly, grow in strength for you as you remain in the room. Now
tune the signal carefully, rocking the dial to the left or right of
center. Each readjustment raises the signal strength, until the
volume is strong. Periodic minor adjustments will reveal a remarkable
volume magnification, one which can reach enormous and fixed volume
levels. This observation takes time and patience. With such patience,
one can thus literally obtain a "signal bonfire" from a "signal
spark". We have observed a signal increase while attentions are being
focussed on the signal, with a subsequent complete fade back to
faintness after the recipients have been removed.

Why can you tune such a weak station, periodically making "fine
adjustments", and obtain a signal magnification? Tuning a weak signal
through a ground antenna, and then observing the manner in which that
signal actually "grows" in strength for a human recipient, is a
demonstration of radionic significance. The same has been observed
when radionic currents are selected through tuning instruments, and
allowed to stimulate a biomonitored plant. The results are always the
same, plant responses indicating the gradual increase of radionic
current strength. Unlike aerial currents, ground signals are more
intensely radionic in nature. They actively seek to infuse
appropriate bio-organismic "capacities". Ground currents enter the
receiver and are there entuned. The receiving circuit projects an
infusive and thready auric radiance which floods the listening space
until its natural saturation has been reached.

Those who are in the listening space add an additional absorptivity,
a capacity to allow a continued projection of auric emanations. This
continued projectivity into proximal recipients produces several
characteristic attributes. Recipients who possess an innate desire,
an emotional response for the signals, produce sudden surges in the
reception strength. When attention is strongly focussed on some faint
signal, then it will grow. The ground emerging signals will therefore
intensify for you and those with you in a room, pouring into the
listening space and being thus articulated among human "capacities".
As radio signals are loaded with the articulation of human attention,
the signal will grow more rapidly. It has recently been observed that
the very same signal, when later left unattended, will fade back into
the crashing background. Desirous attempts made to relocate and raise
the same signal are not unsuccessful. The absence of appropriate
numbers in the human recipients will modify the rapidity of signal
growth. The humanly guided tuning process which engages such signals
actually entunes the recipients in a radionic manner.

The refinement and entunement of such signals are very obviously a
radionic phenomenon of the deepest significance. Entuned
magnification effects are therefore radionic entunement effects, the
magnification of human articulations by human recipients. Neither
electrical nor radio currents possess the articulate nature capable
of exhibiting such a detailed biodynamic function. We have previously
demonstrated this phenomenon with biomonitored plants, an effect
which experimenters may easily reproduce. The implications of this
strange effect are enormous for the theoretician. They compel the
examination of every notion of radiosignal causality. The only
researcher who has treated this effect is Eric Dollard, whose
excellent work describes "energy reciprocation" between Tesla impulse
transmitters and receivers.

The fact that signals may be drawn from ground on human demand, and
automagnified by human presence, should provoke heated debate. How
can one explain the veritable control of a distant transmitter by a
small receiver? In a biodynamic sense, we are not required to address
distant transmitters, since ground currents automagnify with
regularity. The additional energy which feeds radionically entuned
and capacity-demanded ground signals is sourced within the great
subterranean depths.



OBSERVATION 4

You will notice that, soon after you have first introduced the pipe
into the ground, your first received stations will begin to "grow" in
strength. This effect will continue for days, growing in increments
of strength and clarity. Fixed volumes begin to reach levelled states
in 2 or 3 days, a growth process uncommon with aerial signals. But
beyond the signal growth of the strong stations, one begins observing
the gradual increase in station numbers with time. Your initially
strong stations, those which grew in the course of 3 days, will now
become interspersed by a great population of faint signals.
This "background" population will then increase in magnitude and
clarity until your sweep dial is filled with an immense "crackling".
By day 4 or 5 with this arrangement, my sweep dial was literally
covered with the continual "crackle" of new signals.

Sweeping the dial will thus continually bring in tiny
signal "granules" between the stronger signals, those which normally
mask these almost imperceptible stations. The gradual appearance of
new stations, and the gradual "arrival" of a great many minor
signals, begins manifesting with time. The buried pipe becomes
a "receptive site", into which the upwelling currents actively pour.
These effects were rediscovered when buried metals began producing
their characteristic "tone signatures". A singularly fascinating
study, we found that each buried metal literally became "saturated"
with ground currents. This saturation process also required a gradual
period of time (Earth Tones audio tape, BSRF).

Because of the slow growth process, where stations grow in both
strength and number with time, one must eventually secure a
larger "capacity" receiver. One learns that shortwave radionic
applications need specific and well designed receivers — of the
vacuum tube type or germanium transistor variety. Many of the newer
digital models are insufficient. Through a gradual familiarity with
numerous models, each experimenter will settle upon the use of one or
two particular favorites. Mr. William Lehr rebuilt a Zenith Trans-
Oceanic for me. It is a receiver which I cherish, not only because of
its wonderful "warm" tone and excellent operation with the ground
antenna, but because he rebuilt it for me personally. The popular set
is equipped with small screw terminals, one for the normal onboard
telescoping antenna, and the other for a ground wire. I disengaged
the onboard telescoping antenna, connecting its internal lead wire
instead to the ground screw. The ground antenna was then connected to
the aerial screw.

In this reversal, the receiver recognizes the ground antenna as
the "aerial", while the collapsible onboard antenna is recognized as
the "ground". This "inversion" of radio inputs more effectively works
the shortwave capacity in absorbing ground emerging signals, the
collapsible aerial becoming a miniature "counterpoise" ground. A
great many separate phenomena are noted with this arrangement, one
pioneered by Nikola Tesla and (most recently) explored in greatest
depth by Mr. Eric Dollard. Touching the telescoping "ground" causes
the complete eradication of signal strengths across the dial, the
withdrawal of this touch causing the characteristic slow return to
original volume. One discovers now the necessity of adjusting the
telescopic "ground" with each tuned station, a means by which
increased "room capacity" is achieved. The telescopic "ground"
facilitates an increased connectivity within the volume of space
surrounding the receiver.



OBSERVATION 5

With persistent saturation, your ground pipe antenna will continue
producing a surprising proliferation of signals. In this growing
manner, signals kept appearing from greater and greater distances.
Understand that the reception of foreign signals through the ground
matrix is completely different from that which presupposes the
downward "skybeaming" of signals. With ground reception there is
no "skipping". Ground reception is the result of direct contact
conduction. Signals have to travel from their sources to you...in
straight lines! You may therefore understand that the most weak and
distant stations, those innumerable transmitters which lie in
the "geography between" yourself and certain strong foreign stations,
will begin to make their appearance. A slow growth period will prove
this effect to you.

But the loss of signal population, when the pipe is retracted for a
few minutes, cannot be comprehended unless we further examine
the "signal accretion" phenomenon. The acquisition of new stations
into a ground antenna occurs throughout the day, regardless of the
weather or time. The Radionists who studied these phenomena
recognized that ground emerging signals actively seek out both ground-
proximal metals as well as those which are actually buried. Ground
currents can rise to the surface when metal probes are simply aimed
toward the ground. It has been observed that the mere positioning of
a blunt-ended cable over ground is sufficient to cause an upward flow
of ground currents, a reception of signals being obtained (Theroux).

The process is one by which ground currents literally "attach"
themselves to the downward pointing conductor, entwining and fixating
themselves through time. If this is true for conductors which merely
point into earth, the same is especially true of metalloforms which
have been buried. The upwelling emergence of ground currents is the
result of the pipe itself, a response to a metal body which has been
buried near the surface. The ground antenna behaves as a very
definitive metallic "attractor". Driven down into a few feet of
earth, metal structures literally attract ground currents from their
deeply consigned pathways upward. The process of attraction and
accretion requires time. This explains why signal strengths begin to
grow when buried terminals are first buried, continuing until the
pipe and receiver have reached their capacity to absorb.

The withdrawal of signals, after the pipe has been momentarily
disturbed, is problematic from every electrical point of view. What
principle can be cited in explanation of this remarkable signal
disappearing act? What causes the signals to "shrink away" from the
ground terminal when its growing potential has been disturbed for a
few moments of inspection? This "disengagement phenomenon", the
striking disappearance of signals, compels the recognition of
an "irritability" factor when dealing with ground currents.
Irritability is a biological characteristic not present in electrical
currents. What have these signals to do with biological activities?
Wishing to address those skeptics who cannot accept this energetic
growth characteristic in grounded terminals, I pulled up the pipe to
better inspect its surface. Fully expecting to find the
metal "pitted" in thousands of tiny corrosion points", the probable
points in which the innumerable signals appeared, I was not a small
bit shocked to find the pipe in excellent condition. There was not a
bit of visible corrosion, certainly no pitting or scarring in the
otherwise brilliant sheen which it had when I pounded it down into
the earth. But the mystery did not stop there.

I placed the pipe back into a new location, adjacent to its original
ground chamber. Thus driven down to the exact depth as it had been
before, I went inside to listen once again. All but the strongest
signals had disappeared. Obviously, the multiplication of signals is
not the result of corrosion, not the result of continued
ground "electrolysis". While "pitting" the pipe exterior with
innumerable exposures will increase the effective conductive surface
of any pipe to an amazing degree, such corrosion will play little
part in the actual increase of signal receptivity. In fact, neither
ground antennas nor earth batteries corrode; a perplexing fact which
we have rediscovered long after Nathan Stubblefield made its first
mentioned.



OBSERVATION 6

Deep fades are never heard with ground antennas, but one does observe
sudden "sweeps" which indicate strange and instantaneous ground
disturbances. These do not disturb station reception, certainly not
distorting or destabilizing the actual signals being received. Using
ground antennas, only a very slow wavering is sometimes observed.
These exceedingly slow waverings occur with no clocklike regularity,
suggesting that true biological pulsations are being observed. Such
exhibitions were once referred to me by Dan Winter as the deep
earth "tides", meaning by this that the biodynamic currents clearly
engage in native pulsations. Since we have never glimpsed those
currents of enormous vital potential, those "dragons" which normally
reside deep in the heart of earth. These currents are definitely
modified by influences in outer space, rising toward the surface
during certain seasons, and diving back down to their mysterious
haunts once again.

During sun-transitional hours, ground received SW signals do not
appear to be "geodesically" selected. In other words, one does not
receive a complete "global sweep" of signals, from nation to nation.
The "sweep" may display continuity across a large region of ground, a
cluster of neighboring nations being heard in sequence, but each
region is not received with continuity. One discovers that whole
regions of the earth suddenly emerge from the SW background and
literally predominate the reception field.

Selectivity of signals through the ground occurs as if whole regions
of the world have been "switched" on and off — independant of station
schedules. Directly and most strongly related to lunar phase, one
observes the sudden emergence of whole regional group signals which
take preeminence over all others. One can tell the portion of a lunar
month by these strange regional "fluorescences", an amazingly
repetitive pattern. In Staten Island, ground radiosignals follow a
mysterious pattern of arrivals. Modulated by the moon, signals from
Canada (New), Northern Europe (First Quarter), South America (Full),
the Mediterranean (Last Quarter) will predominate across the
available broadcast bands.



EXPERIMENT WITH the "Subantenna" coil (M. Theroux)

The "Subantenna" coil will require a bit more work on the part of the
experimenter to construct, but is a worthy undertaking as we can see
from the ad that this design was a commercial success. It has also
proven itself over and above simple grounded rods, to be a highly
sensitive receiver when properly placed in the ground. Its
construction is actually quite simple. You will need roughly 30 feet
of RG 58 coaxial cable, one roll of black electrical tape, one
alligator clip, a pair of scissors, and a pair of wire strippers.
The "Subantenna" coil, when finished will be about 4-5 inches tall
and 6 inches in diameter. Start by cutting the wire into two
sections — one 16 feet long for the coil — the remaining 14 feet will
be used for connection to your radio. Begin winding the first turn of
the coil (using the 16 ft. section) so that it is exactly 6 inches in
diameter. No coil form is necessary with this method — as you add
each successive turn, you will be taping the turns together in three
evenly separated places. Add another turn and tape. By the time you
are finished, you will have about ten full turns. Cover the bottom
bare end of the coax wire with tape. You should have about 6 inches
of free wire at the top of your coil. Strip away about 1 inch from
this end exposing the middle conductor wire. This solid wire is
the "connection point" for the lead wire to your external antenna
jack on your shortwave or AM radio. Cut away the excess shielding so
that it is flush with the insulation. You are now ready to bury
the "Subantenna" coil. Choose a spot of soft ground free from hazard,
and bury the coil (be sure your "connection point" is sticking above
ground or you'll be digging it up again). Fasten the alligator clip
to one end of the remaining 14 ft. piece of coax, clipping this onto
the exposed middle conductor of the coil. You can now run this wire
to your radio, fastening it to the external antenna terminal. If
there is a specific jack for the external antenna, you may need to
match it with the proper plug.



Observations

Initially, one will notice a substantial increase in reception. The
most intriguing aspect of the Subantenna, or any grounded aerial, is
its ability to cause signals to grow in intensity over a period of a
time. After a few days one will be able to hear signals with
increased clarity and depth. One of the most important features of
this ground antenna is its static free reception. You will note that
the conductor in the coil is insulated from the actual earth itself —
conductivity plays no role in the function of this design. While the
Subantenna coil filters static and brings in signals with extreme
distinctness, there are drawbacks. One may notice after the coil has
had sufficient time to become saturated with ground currents,
reception of signals becomes so powerful that stations normally
considered far enough apart, will "bleed over" onto one another. I
have experienced five distinct stations hundreds of miles apart,
pouring through the radio on one frequency at the same time. This can
be a problem with weaker local stations being absorbed by more
powerful distant stations, but generally the 50,000 watt AM stations
ring through clearly. Only on given nights does this bleed over occur.

The warmth, clarity, response, and strength of such grounded radio
systems are testimony enough. Coupled with the empirical reports and
logs previously mentioned, plenty of proof is provided that, in many
instances (especially concerning eidetic content), ground radio is a
superior form of reception over Hertzian receivers. Curiously enough,
we have seen many return to their antennas after having experienced
radio through the ground. While no explanation is given, we assume
they may need to hold on to the belief that radio only flies on waves
through the air — all the while listening to the crackle, hiss, and
fade of their favorite station.